Fresenius Kabi Introduces Glucagon for Injection

. http://medicalquestionanswers.wordpress.com LAKE ZURICH, Ill.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Fresenius Kabi announced today the introduction of Glucagon for Injection in the United States. Namenda (Memantine) without Rx Fresenius Kabi is a global health care company that specializes in lifesaving medicines and technologies for infusion, transfusion and clinical nutrition. Fresenius Kabi Glucagon for Injection is indicated for use as a diagnostic aid during radiologic examinations and is available in 10-packs of 1mg vials. “Glucagon for Injection is the newest addition to our expanding portfolio of specialty injectable products,” said John Ducker, president and CEO of Fresenius Kabi USA. About Lamictal Dispersible (Lamotrigine) with free prescription “We are committed to offering customers a broad portfolio and exceptional service, and we’re pleased to now introduce another choice for Glucagon.” About Fresenius Kabi Fresenius Kabi (.fresenius-kabi.us) is a global health care company that specializes in medicines and technologies for infusion, transfusion and clinical nutrition. Lynoral (Ethinyl estradiol) without prescription The company’s products and services are used to help care for critically and chronically ill patients. Buy Domstal with free Rx The company’s U.S. About Tentex Forte () with free prescription headquarters is in Lake Zurich, Illinois. Buy Vitamin E Oil online The company’s global headquarters is in Bad Homburg, Germany.

Efficacy Results of Otsuka’s Delamanid (Deltyba™) for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB) Published in the New England Journal of Medicine

TOKYO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. About Kamagra (Sildenafil Citrate) (Otsuka) today announced that data from a post-hoc subset analysis of its Phase IIb clinical trial suggesting potential efficacy of delamanid for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) was reported in this week’s New England Journal of Medicine. Neggram (Nalidixic Acid) without Rx The analysis found that patients receiving delamanid, plus a World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended optimized background regimen (OBR), had a higher proportion of 2-month sputum culture conversion (SCC), a measurement by which patients are no longer infectious, compared to patients receiving placebo plus OBR alone (7/16, 43.8% vs. About Viagra Jelly (Sildenafil Citrate) with free Rx 1/10, 10%, p=0.0989)i. About Diabeta with free Rx In this same open-label analysis, mortality trended lower when patients received six months or more of delamanid compared to patients treated for two months or less (0/17, 0% vs. Buy Viagra Super Active (Sildenafil Citrate) 2/9, 22.2%, p=0.1108).i “XDR-TB is one of the most deadly and difficult forms of TB to treat,” said Dr. Buy Sustained Release online Andra Cirule, one of the lead study investigators and a tuberculosis specialist at Riga East University Hospital in Latvia. http://web-md.blogspot.com “More new medicines are urgently needed to prevent XDR-TB from becoming a death sentence and if confirmed, this analysis shows that delamanid may be an effective option to improve the current standard of care.” XDR-TB develops from misuse or mismanagement of second-line TB therapies, which severely limits treatment options.ii 100 countries have reported at least one case of this dangerous strain, including the U.S.,iii where contact tracing is currently ongoing after an infected patient exposed individuals in at least three states to the disease.iii “The study’s important findings reaffirm Otsuka’s commitment to continued research into this major global health threat,” said Masuhiro Yoshitake, executive operating officer of Otsuka and TB Global Project leader. “For over 40 years, Otsuka has made it a priority to identify new treatment options for even the most challenging TB cases, and we look forward to potential progress against this deadly strain.” Delamanid is the first compound from a new drug class (nitro-dihydro-imidazooxazoles) that is bactericidal and specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) strains.iv It has received regulatory approval in the European Unionv, Japanvi and the Republic of Koreavii. In October 2014, the WHO released its interim policy guidance for the use of delamanid in the treatment of MDR-TBviii and in May 2015, the WHO added delamanid to its Essential Medicines List, which includes medicines based on the scientific evidence of their comparative efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness.ix More About This Study The efficacy of delamanid was studied in a large, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial that included a 2-month treatment period and a 1-month follow-up of 481 MDR-TB patients (Trial 204), with 213 patients continuing to a 6-month open-label treatment trial (Trial 208), and concluding with a 24-month follow-up study of 421 out of the originally randomized 481 patients (Trial 116). Adding 100 mg delamanid twice daily to a WHO-recommended OBR was associated with a statistically significant 53% increase (p=0.008) in the percentage of patients achieving SCC at 2 months (45.4%) compared to those with placebo added (29.6%).x Clinical trial results demonstrated that adverse events were evenly distributed in the delamanid and placebo treatment groups with the exception of QT prolongation. Electrocardiogram QT prolongation was reported in 9.9% of patients receiving delamanid as 100 mg twice daily compared to 3.8% of patients receiving placebo plus OBR. This was not accompanied by any clinical symptoms such as syncope or arrhythmias.xi About TB According to the WHO, tuberculosis is second only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide due to a single infectious agent. In 2013, an estimated 9 million people became sick with TB, and 1.5 million people died from TB or TB-related causes.iii Current treatment regimens require a patient to take several drugs for a lengthy period – up to two years or more for some drug-resistant cases.xi Approximately 480,000 people developed MDR-TB in 2013.iii About Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Otsuka Pharmaceutical is a global healthcare company with the corporate philosophy: Otsuka-people creating new products for better health worldwide. Otsuka researches, develops, manufactures and markets innovative and original products, with a focus on pharmaceutical products for the treatment of diseases and nutraceutical products for the maintenance of everyday health. Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Japan’s second-largest drug company, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. The Otsuka Group employs approximately 43,000 people globally and its products are available in more than 80 countries worldwide. For more information about Otsuka visit: .otsuka.co.jp/en/ i World Health Organization (WHO). XDR-TB: Extensively Drug-resistant TB. .who.int/tb/challenges/mdr/xdr/en/ (Accessed June 2015)ii World Health Organization (WHO). Global Tuberculosis Report 2014. apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137094/1/9789241564809_eng.pdf (Accessed June 2015)iii Reuters. U.S. health officials seek people who may have contacted TB patient. June 10, 2015. in.reuters.com/article/2015/06/09/us-usa-health-tuberculosis-idINKBN0OP1W420150609 (Accessed June 2015).iv Matsumoto M, Hashizume H, Tomishige T, et al. OPC-67683, a Nitro-Dihydro-Imidazooxazole Derivative with Promising Action against Tuberculosis In Vitro and In Mice. PLoS Med. 2006 Nov;3(11):e466.v European Medicines Agency. Deltyba’s European public assessment report (EPAR) summary for the public. EMA/731960/2013 EMEA/H/C/002552 .ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Summary_for_the_public/human/002552/WC500166235.pdf (Accessed June 2015)vi Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). New Drugs Approved in June 2014. .pmda.go.jp/files/000197902.pdf (Accessed June 2015).vii Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). ezdrug.mfds.go.kr/kfda2 (Accessed July 2015.)viii World Health Organization (WHO). Interim guidance on the use of delamanid in the treatment of MDR-TB. October 2014. .who.int/tb/features_archive/delamanid/en/ (Accessed June 2015)ix World Health Organization (WHO). Executive Summary: The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines (2015). Report of the 20th WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines. 20-24 April 2015. .who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/Executive-Summary_EML-2015_7-May-15.pdf (Accessed June 2015)x Gler MT, Skripconoka V, Sanchez-Garavito E, et al. Delamanid for multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:2151-60xi World Health Organization (WHO). Shorter treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. May 2013. .who.int/tb/publications/Short_TB_regimens.pdf (Accessed June 2015).

Global Myeloid Metaplasia Pipeline Insights 2015

. About Wellbutrin SR (Bupropion) with free prescription DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Research and Markets (.researchandmarkets.com/research/8k3nwj/myeloid) has announced the addition of the "Myeloid Metaplasia-Pipeline Insights" report to their offering. Myeloid Metaplasia Pipeline Insights provides in-depth analysis of the pipeline assets across Myeloid Metaplasia. Buy Snoring online About Hytrin (Terazosin) with free prescription The main objective of this report is to track competitor pipeline molecules, related research activities, technology, collaborations, and in-licensing and out-licensing deals. http://cholesterolreviews.wordpress.com Buy Optivar (Azelastine) without Rx The Myeloid Metaplasia Report helps to identify emerging players with potentially strong product information and create effective counter-strategies to gain competitive advantage. Myeloid Metaplasia Pipeline Insights Report covers the Myeloid Metaplasia pipeline molecules at various stages of development like pre-registration phase, clinical phases (Phase III, Phase II & Phase I), and pre-clinical and discovery phases. Buy Penegra (Sildenafil Citrate) without prescription The Report also provides Myeloid Metaplasia-related therapeutic assessments by molecule type, route of administration, monotherapy and combination products. Buy Desent without Rx The Report also highlights the discontinued and inactive projects in the pipeline for Myeloid Metaplasia. Scope - The report provides a Myeloid Metaplasia landscape across the globe - The report provides drug profiles which include product description, MOA, licensors & collaborators, technology, development partner and chemical information - Coverage of the Myeloid Metaplasia pipeline on the basis of target, MOA, route of administration, technology involved and molecule type - The report reviews key players involved in the therapeutics development for Myeloid Metaplasia and also provides company profiling - Pipeline products coverage based on various stages of development from NDA filings to discovery - Provides pipeline assessment by monotherapy and combination therapy products, stage of development and molecule type For more information visit .researchandmarkets.com/research/8k3nwj/myeloid.

Moderate Pain - 2015 Pipeline Insights

. About Amoxil (Amoxicillin) without Rx DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Research and Markets (.researchandmarkets.com/research/tw2jw9/moderate) has announced the addition of the "Moderate Pain-Pipeline Insights" report to their offering. Moderate Pain - Pipeline Insights provides the in-depth analysis of the pipeline assets across the Moderate Pain. Buy Psyllium Husk online Buy Depakote (Divalproex) without prescription The main objective of this report to track competitor pipeline molecules, related research activities, technology, collaborations, in-licensing and out-licensing deals. http://allergy-opinion.blogspot.com Rogaine (Minoxidil) with free Rx The Moderate Pain Report helps to identify emerging players with potentially strong product information and create effective counter-strategies to gain competitive advantage. Moderate Pain - Pipeline Insights Report covers the Moderate Pain pipeline molecules at various stages of development like Pre-registration phase, clinical phases (Phase III, Phase II & Phase I), pre-clinical and discovery phases. Buy Alesse (Levonorgestrel / Ethinyl estradiol) The Report also provides Moderate Pain related therapeutic assessments by molecule type, route of administration, monotherapy and combination products. Buy D-amp The Report also highlights the discontinued and inactive projects in pipeline for Moderate Pain. Scope - The report provides a Moderate Pain Landscape across the globe - The report provides drug profiles which includes product description, MOA, licensors & collaborators, technology, development partner and chemical information - Coverage of the Moderate Pain pipeline on the basis of target, MOA, route of administration, technology involved and molecule type - The report reviews key players involved in the therapeutics development for Moderate Pain and also provide company profiling - Pipeline products coverage based on various stages of development from NDA filings to discovery. - Provides pipeline assessment by monotherapy and combination therapy products, stage of development and molecule type For more information visit .researchandmarkets.com/research/tw2jw9/moderate

Deaf mice able to hear again thanks to gene therapy

A new study has successfully restored hearing in mice that have a genetic form of deafness by utilizing gene therapy. Buy Depakote (Divalproex) without prescription Hearing in deaf mice was successfully restored using gene therapy. Published in the journal, Science Translational Medicine, the study was a collaboration between Harvard Medical School, Boston Children s Hospital and the Ecole Polytechnique Federale in Switzerland. Rogaine (Minoxidil) with free Rx The new findings may pave the way for gene therapy to be used on humans who suffer a genetic form of deafness. Buy Alesse (Levonorgestrel / Ethinyl estradiol) According to the World Health Organization (WHO) an estimated 360 million people have a form of disabled hearing loss, and more than 70 different genes are known to cause deafness when affected. Buy D-amp Prof. About Amoxil (Amoxicillin) without Rx Jeffrey Holt of the Department of Otolaryngology, F.M. Buy Psyllium Husk online Neurobiology Centre at Boston and Harvard Medical School, worked with first-time author Charles Askew. http://allergy-opinion.blogspot.com TMC1 was chosen as the specific gene to focus the study s efforts on because it is a common cause of genetic deafness, accounting for 4-8% of all cases. The gene encodes a protein that plays a central part in hearing by helping to convert sound into electrical signals. Two types of mice were tested, one had the TMC1 gene deleted - a good model for humans with TMC1 mutations, as children who have two TMC1 mutations often undergo hearing loss at a very young age. The other mice carried a specific TMC1 gene mutation, known as Beethoven, which serves as a good model for TMC1 related deafness, where deafness occurs gradually between the ages of 10-15 years of age. To deliver the healthy gene, scientists created an adeno-associated viral 1 (AAV1) together with a promoter, which serves as a genetic sequence that turns the gene on only in certain sensory cells of the inner ear known as hair cells. Researchers screened several AAV1 serotypes and promoters to seek an efficient combination. They discovered one such combination was successful in restoring sensory transduction, auditory brainstem responses and acoustic startle reflexes in otherwise deaf mice. The results proved to be outstanding. Scientists restored the ability of sensory hair cells to respond to sound enabling those mice carry the Beethoven gene to hear again. Hearing was tested by placing the mice in a "startle box" to measure their reactions. Prof. Holt explains: "Mice with TMC1 mutation will just sit there, but with gene therapy, they jump as high as normal mice." Mice that carried the TMC1 gene deleted also showed promise, with some hearing partially restored. A defining moment The study was funded by the Bertarelli Foundation, and co-chair, Ernesto Bertarelli, described the result as a defining moment. He says: "These findings mark a defining moment in the way we understand, and can ultimately challenge, the burden of deafness in humans. The results are a testament to the immense dedication of the research team and their commitment to bringing best-in-class science ever closer to the real world application." The findings echo a study several years ago, in which researchers used a small genetic patch to successfully restore hearing in deaf mice with Usher syndrome. AAV1 is already used in human gene therapy trials for blindness, heart disease, muscular dystrophy and other conditions. Holt believes these findings will pave the way for gene therapy to be used on humans in the "not too distant future." He says: "I can envision patients with deafness having their genome sequenced and a tailored, precision medicine treatment injected into their ears to restore hearing. This is a great example of how the basic science can lead to clinical therapies." Written by Peter Lam

Does cigarette smoking contribute to schizophrenia?

A meta-analysis published in the journal Lancet Psychiatry reports that people who smoke are more than three times more likely to suffer from psychosis, compared with nonsmokers. Researchers previously thought people with psychosis are more likely to smoke because they may find that smoking counteracts side effects from schizophrenia medication. Previous studies have reported a link between smoking cigarettes and psychosis. Compazine (Prochlorperazine) without prescription However, few studies investigated cigarettes as a direct driver of this association. Stalevo (Carbidopa Levodopa Entacapone) without Rx Instead, researchers had hypothesized that people with psychosis are more likely to smoke because they may find that smoking counteracts side effects from schizophrenia medication or negative schizophrenia symptoms. One problem with this hypothesis, however, is that rates of smoking would only increase after someone has developed psychosis for this to be the case. The new meta-analysis, conducted by researchers at King s College London in the UK, assessed evidence from 61 observational studies, which involved 15,000 tobacco users and 273,000 nonusers overall. The analysis shows that 57% of people presenting with a first episode of psychosis were smokers - this means they were three times more likely to be smokers than healthy, nonsmoking study participants. Daily smokers were also found to develop psychotic illness around 1 year earlier on average than nonsmokers. These findings shed doubt on the theory that an association between smoking and psychosis exists because people with psychosis use cigarettes to self-medicate, claim the authors. "While it is always hard to determine the direction of causality," says Dr. Menosan () James MacCabe, clinical senior lecturer in Psychosis Studies at the King s Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), "our findings indicate that smoking should be taken seriously as a possible risk factor for developing psychosis, and not dismissed simply as a consequence of the illness." Because very few of the studies in the meta-analysis took into account consumption of substances other than tobacco, it was difficult for the King s team to rule out other factors that may contribute to the association between smoking and psychosis. Nicotine, psychosis and dopamine The researchers do, however, propose another hypothesis that could explain the association. About Cyclo-progynova without Rx Sir Robin Murray, professor of Psychiatric Research at the IoPPN, points to the brain s dopamine system: "Excess dopamine is the best biological explanation we have for psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia. About Asacol (Mesalamine) with no prescription It is possible that nicotine exposure, by increasing the release of dopamine, causes psychosis to develop." "Longer-term studies are required to investigate the relationship between daily smoking, sporadic smoking, nicotine dependence and the development of psychotic disorders," says IoPPN research fellow Dr. Buy Policosinol online Sameer Jauhar. "In view of the clear benefits of smoking cessation programs in this population every effort should be made to implement change in smoking habits in this group of patients." A 2014 study conducted by researchers from the Washington University School of Medicine in St. http://asthmareview.wordpress.com Louis, MO, found that people with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a higher risk for substance abuse - especially cigarette smoking. In that study, people with severe mental illness were: 4 times more likely to be heavy alcohol users (four or more drinks per day) 3.5 times more likely to use marijuana regularly (21 times per year) 4.6 times more likely to use other drugs at least 10 times in their lives 5.1 times more likely to be daily smokers. Written by David McNamee

Graphene coating on catheters may improve chemo effectiveness

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses powerful chemicals to destroy cancer cells. Avalide (Irbesartan Hydrochlorothiazide) without Rx It is usually delivered directly into the patient s veins using a catheter. Viagra Strips (Sildenafil Citrate) without Rx To prevent bacterial infection, the catheter, and the equipment it is attached to, is usually coated with silver. The researchers used X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to look at how chemotherapy drugs react with silver.Image credit: Per Henning/NTNU Now, a study led by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in Trondheim, shows that the antibacterial silver coating used on catheters degrades some chemotherapy drugs and that this could potentially reduce their effectiveness. The researchers report their findings in the journal 2D Materials. Senior author Justin Wells, an associate professor of physics at NTNU, says: "We wanted to find potential problem sources in the tubes used in intravenous catheters. Theo-24 Cr (Theophylline ) without Rx An interaction between the coating and the drugs was one possibility. Buy Colchicum Chemotherapy drugs are active substances, so it isn t hard to imagine that the medicine could react with the silver." Silver decomposes chemo drugs For their investigation, Prof. Buy Celebrex (Celecoxib) with free prescription Wells and colleagues focused on 5-Fluorouracil (5FU), one of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs. Buy Natural Skin Care Products online For instance, 5FU is used to treat cancers of the head and neck, bowel, breast, stomach, ovaries and esopaghus. The researchers used X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) to look at how the drug reacts with the type of silver used to coat catheters and other medical devices. Prof. http://medicalhelper.wordpress.com Wells explains that as far as they know, reactions between chemotherapy drugs and the substances they come into contact with have never been studied like this before. The assumption is they always enter the body fully intact. The XPS machine he and his colleagues used is located at the synchrotron lab MAX IV at Lund University in Sweden. There, they demonstrated that the antibacterial silver coating catalytically decomposes 5FU. In their paper, the researchers note that not only does the reaction impair the effectiveness of the chemotherapy drug, but it also releases hydrogen fluoride, a gas that could potentially harm the patient and damage the medical equipment. The team then switched their attention to graphene - a nanomaterial made of extremely thin flakes of carbon that are only one atom thick. Again, they used the XPS machine to look at how the material reacted with 5FU. Graphene might be a more suitable material for coating catheters They decided to investigate graphene because they expected it to be chemically inert. They also note that while it has been suggested as a coating for medical equipment, its potential use as a coating material in chemotherapy drug delivery systems "appears to have been entirely overlooked." Prof. Wells explains: "Graphene is a nonreactive substance, and is sometimes referred to as a magical material that can solve any problem. So we thought that it might be a good combination with the chemotherapy drugs." Their hunch proved to be correct - 5FU did not react with the graphene. The team believes it should be possible to coat catheters and similar medical devices with very thin layers of graphene. Prof. Wells concludes that they hope their work will help make cancer treatment more effective. The team would now like to study the reactions of chemotherapy drugs to other substances and coatings used on medical devices. In February 2015, Medical News Today learned that graphene may itself have anticancer potential. Writing in the journal Oncotarget, a team from the University of Manchester in the UK describes how graphene oxide can selectively target cancer stem cells and disrupt signals on their membranes. Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

Many women - especially smokers - drink alcohol while pregnant

. Buy Moisturizing Soap online Buy Amaryl (Glimepiride) While medical guidelines recommend complete abstinence, a large survey of women in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand finds drinking alcohol during pregnancy to be a prevalent practice. Smokers were 17% more likely to drink during pregnancy. The study in the online journal BMJ Open found the following ranges of proportions in alcohol use during pregnancy: 20-80% in Ireland and 40% upwards in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. http://medical-reviews.blogspot.com About Clonidine with free prescription Amoxil (Amoxicillin) with no Rx There were also high levels of binge drinking during pregnancy - over 45% in the Irish center of one of the cohorts. The prevalence was consistent across social groups. Buy Cialis Soft (Tadalafil) with free Rx Xeloda (Capecitabine) with no prescription However, women who smoked were found to be 17% more likely to drink during pregnancy. A higher level of education, having other children, and being overweight or obese were, on the other hand, slightly predictive of a lower risk of drinking while pregnant. The researchers made an analysis of data from three studies: The Growing up in Ireland (GUI) study, the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). A total of 17,244 women who had delivered live babies in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand were included in the analysis of the amounts and type of alcohol drunk before and during the gestation period. The highest rates of drinking were in Ireland - with 90% drinking before pregnancy and 82% during gestation. Ireland also had high rates of binge drinking - 59% before and 45% during pregnancy, based on estimates from the SCOPE study, although the researchers caution that lower rates were also found in some cohorts. Measures of the amount of alcohol drunk ranged between 15% and 70% of the women saying that they had drunk 1-2 units a week during the first 3 months of their pregnancy. Between the first and second trimester, however, the number of units drank dropped substantially in all countries, as did binge drinking levels. A public health priority The authors of the study issue a note of warning: "Although low proportions of women engaged in heavy drinking, the adverse consequences of heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy on birth outcomes, long-term gross motor function, and social, cognitive, emotional and behavioural outcomes in offspring make heavy gestational alcohol consumption a high public health priority." Most medical and government guidelines advise women to stop drinking during pregnancy, although the authors do note some evidence that 1-2 units up to twice a week is not harmful to the unborn baby. Other findings of the study were that, compared with white women, those of other ethnicities were less likely to drink alcohol while pregnant. Younger women were also less likely to drink while carrying an unborn baby than older women. The researchers point out that poor evidence on the effects of gestational alcohol consumption and a subsequent lack of coherence in clinical and government guidelines "stem from a lack of biological markers of light or moderate alcohol use during pregnancy." Instead, associations with health outcomes rely on self-reported maternal alcohol consumption, which may be biased. Written by Markus MacGill

Can playing Tetris reduce intrusive memories?

For individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, unwanted visual memories are a common symptom. About Levitra Oral Jelly (Vardenafil) with free Rx But a new study suggests that playing computer games 24 hours after a traumatic event may reduce the occurrence of such memories. Reactivating the emotional memories of participants prior to them playing a computer game reduced occurrence of related unwanted memories in the following week. It is estimated that around 7-8% of the US population will experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at some point in their lives, with women more likely to develop the condition than men. PTSD is triggered by exposure to a traumatic event. Antivert (Meclizine) with no Rx Symptoms include feeling tense, sleep problems, feelings of guilt or depression and frightening thoughts. Etodolac (Etodolac) without Rx One of the most common symptoms is repeated visual memories of the event that triggered the disorder. People with PTSD often remember moments of their terrifying ordeal in vivid detail and feel as if they are reliving the event over and over, which can severely impact day-to-day life. Psychotherapy is one of the primary treatments for PTSD. About Ciclopirox with free Rx This may include cognitive restructuring, which involves helping people make sense of their bad memories in an attempt to help them cope. Doxycycline (Doxycycline) without prescription But according to the study researchers, strategies to prevent such memories are limited. "Currently, there are recommended treatments for PTSD once it has become established, that is, at least 1 month after the traumatic event, but we lack preventative treatments that can be given earlier," explains senior study author Emily Holmes, of the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in the UK. Past studies have indicated that people who played the computer game Tetris within 4 hours of watching video footage of traumatic events were less likely to have fewer unwanted memories of those events. However, Holmes and colleagues note that it is unrealistic to expect people who are involved in a traumatic event to play a computer game in the 4 hours following. Buy Liquid Minerals online But could doing so within 24 hours help reduce occurrence of unwanted memories? Combination of memory reactivation and Tetris reduced intrusive memories To test whether this might be the case, the researchers conducted two experiments that investigated the theory of memory reconsolidation - the idea that long-term memories can be recalled and modified. The idea was to reactivate old emotional memories of participants and see whether the reoccurrence of these memories could be reduced by computer game play. In the first experiment, the researchers induced intrusive memories in 52 participants by showing them a 12-minute film of traumatic events, such as a man drowning at sea or a young girl being hit by a car. Twenty-four hours after watching the film, half of the participants were shown stills from it as a way of reactivating their memories. http://webmdhelper.wordpress.com They then took part in a 10-minute filler task - allowing time for memory reconsolidation to begin - followed by 12 minutes of playing Tetris. The other half of the participants acted as controls, only taking part in the filler task before sitting quietly for 12 minutes. Over the next week, all participants were required to keep a diary of any intrusive memories that occurred - defined as "scenes of the film that appeared spontaneously and unbidden in their mind." The team s findings - published in the journal Psychological Science - revealed that the participants whose memories were reactivated before playing Tetris experienced fewer intrusive memories from the film than the control group. This finding was confirmed in the second experiment, in which four groups of participants performed the same tasks. In this experiment, however, the team also tested whether memory reactivation alone or Tetris alone could reduce occurrence of intrusive memories. They found it was only the use of memory reactivation and Tetris combined that led to fewer intrusive memories. Commenting on their results, study co-author Ella James, also of the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, says: "Our findings suggest that, although people may wish to forget traumatic memories, they may benefit from bringing them back to mind, at least under certain conditions - those which render them less intrusive." Holmes notes that their research is in its early stages and further studies are required, but she says they hope to develop their approach, with the aim of creating a potential strategy to reduce intrusive memories for people with PTSD and other trauma-related conditions. "Better treatments are much needed in mental health," she adds. "We believe the time is ripe to use basic science about mechanisms - such as research on memory reconsolidation - to inform the development of improved and innovative psychological treatment techniques." In August 2014, Medical News Today reported on a study suggesting the way a person s memory is processed may influence their risk of developing PTSD. Published in the journal Clinical Psychological Science, the study suggests people who recall higher numbers of external details related to the traumatic event - such as editorial statements - may be at higher risk for PTSD. Written by Honor Whiteman

Number of fireworks-related injuries still remains high

Thousands of Americans will be preparing to launch fireworks into the sky this weekend to celebrate the nation s birthday on the Fourth of July. About Cialis Daily (Tadalafil) without Rx However, a new report shows that firework-related injury rates remain high, with eye injuries having more than doubled in the past 3 years. The report estimates that there were 10,500 firework-related injuries last year. Avapro (Irbesartan) In contrast, there were an estimated firework-related 8,700 injuries in 2012. The report found that a total of 1,300 eye injuries were treated in emergency rooms last year; around 100 more than 2013 and more than double the 600 reported in 2012. It appears that many people may not fully understand the dangers of fireworks. Buy Reminyl (Galantamine) with free prescription According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) in San Francisco, only 10% of adults in the US wear eye protection when using fireworks. Cetane without Rx In contrast, three times this number wear eye protection when participating in other activities such as house cleaning or home repair. Wearing adequate eye protection can prevent many different kinds of firework-related injuries, including burns to the eye and eyelids, abrasions, retinal detachment and eyeball rupturing. About Endep (Amitriptyline) without prescription These accidents all have the potential to lead to blindness. Around 19% of firework-related injuries were to the eyes. Buy Kidney Stones online In comparison, 36% of injuries affected hands or fingers and another 19% affected the head, face or ears. The 2014 Fireworks Annual Report published by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is an analysis of data on nonoccupational fireworks-related deaths and injuries over the course of last year. It demonstrates precisely how dangerous fireworks can be, documenting a total of 11 nonoccupational fireworks-related deaths that occurred during 2014. http://medical-questions-answers.blogspot.com Many of the deaths were related to firework users not being a safe distance from exploding fireworks, with some the result of firework accidents leading to house fires. The CPSC state reporting of these deaths is incomplete and this figure should be taken as a minimum. No consumer fireworks should ever be considered safe In terms of injuries, a telephone investigation conducted by the CPSC found that around 55% of fireworks-related injuries could be caused by misuse, such as holding lit fireworks and standing too close to fireworks after they have been lit. In comparison, 26% of injuries were attributed to firework malfunctions such as errant flight paths and 13% to firework debris. Certain types of fireworks were also found to be more dangerous than others. The report reveals that an estimated 20% of firework-related injuries were caused by firecrackers and 19% were estimated to be caused by sparklers. The cause of 31% of injuries was unspecified. Despite sparklers appearing much safer than other larger, more impressive fireworks, these figures illustrate just how dangerous they can be. Sparklers can reach temperatures as high as 2,000 degrees - equivalent to a blow torch. Medical attention should be sought immediately in the event of a firework-related injury. For most injuries, it is advised that the burning process is stopped with clean, cool water and the injury is wrapped with a clean, dry towel. Eye injuries should be dealt with differently, however. The AAO state that people who receive an eye injury should resist the urge to rub, rinse or apply pressure to the eyes, or attempt to remove any objects that may be lodged there. "Each year we see many people, especially children and teens, injured around the Fourth of July celebrations. Many of the injuries involve an amputation of a limb or loss of vision," says Dr. Jenny Ziembicki, of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). "It should be remembered that no consumer fireworks should ever be considered safe and that all fireworks should be left to the hands of trained professionals." Last year, Medical News Today ran a Spotlight feature on firework-related injuries after a 30% increase had been reported from the previous year, investigating whether relaxed laws were to blame. Written by James McIntosh

ADDING MULTIMEDIA FDA Approves ORKAMBI™ (lumacaftor/ivacaftor) - the First Medicine to Treat the Underlying Cause of Cystic Fibrosis for People Ages 12 and Older with Two Copies of the F508del Mutation

BOSTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated (Nasdaq: VRTX) today announced that the U.S. Urispas (Flavoxate) with no Rx Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ORKAMBI™ (lumacaftor/ivacaftor), the first medicine to treat the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis (CF) in people ages 12 and older with two copies of the F508del mutation. Cleocin (Clindamycin) with no Rx It is only indicated for these patients, who can be identified with a genetic test. Cystic fibrosis is a rare, life-threatening genetic disease. Buy Green Coffee () with no prescription People with two copies of the F508del mutation represent the largest group of people with CF. Carbatrol with no prescription Of the 30,000 people in the United States with CF, approximately 8,500 ages 12 and older have two copies of the F508del mutation. Buy Herbal Extra Power () without prescription ORKAMBI will be available for shipment to specialty pharmacies in the United States within days. “Today is a remarkable day for science, medicine and the CF community,” said Jeffrey Leiden, M.D., Ph.D., Vertex’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer. Buy Hairspray online “More than 15 years ago, our scientists set out to discover and develop medicines to treat the underlying cause of cystic fibrosis. http://webmdmagazine.wordpress.com Today, the approval of ORKAMBI represents a fundamental change in the treatment of the most common form of CF, marking significant progress for us and for the entire CF community. While we celebrate this important step forward, we also recognize that two out of three patients in the U.S. still do not have a medicine to treat the underlying cause of their disease. We share their urgency and are committed to continuing our significant investment in research and development to discover new medicines for them and to improve upon what we offer patients today.” Vertex will host an investor conference call on Thursday, July 2, at 2:15 p.m. ET. to provide more information on the approval of ORKAMBI. The approval of ORKAMBI was based on data from two Phase 3 studies (TRAFFIC and TRANSPORT) that enrolled more than 1,100 people with CF ages 12 and older with two copies of the F508del mutation. Patients treated with ORKAMBI experienced statistically significant improvements in lung function. Patients also experienced reductions in pulmonary exacerbations and improvements in body mass index (BMI). The most common adverse events included shortness of breath and/or chest tightness, upper respiratory tract infection (common cold) and gastrointestinal symptoms (including nausea, diarrhea, or gas). Vertex continues to invest in CF research and development with the goal of treating the vast majority of people with the disease and enhancing the benefit for those we treat. Multiple Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical studies are in progress and Vertex has an ongoing research program focused on discovering new CF medicines. “In 1998, Vertex and the CF Foundation embarked on a scientific challenge that many believed would be impossible – to discover medicines that treat the cause of CF,” said Robert J. Beall, Ph.D., President and CEO of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. “Today’s approval is a milestone for the CF community. We congratulate Vertex for their success in developing new CF medicines and are pleased with their continuing commitment to help all eligible patients get access to these medicines.” Helping Patients Access ORKAMBI The people who work at Vertex understand that medicines can only help patients who can get them. The Vertex Guidance & Patient Support (Vertex GPS™) program provides a dedicated team of Vertex employees who help eligible patients who have been prescribed our medicines within their labeled indications understand their insurance benefits and the resources that are available to help them. Vertex also offers a co-pay assistance program for patients with commercial insurance coverage and a free medicine program for qualifying patients who are uninsured and who meet certain income and other eligibility criteria. More information is available by visiting .VertexGPS.com or by calling 1-877-752-5933. About CF and ORKAMBI Cystic fibrosis is a rare genetic disease that is caused by defective or missing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatory (CFTR) proteins resulting from mutations in the CFTR gene. The defective or missing proteins result in poor flow of salt and water into or out of the cell in a number of organs, including the lungs. In people with two copies of the F508del mutation, the CFTR protein is not processed and trafficked normally within the cell, resulting in little to no CFTR protein at the cell surface. Patients with two copies of the F508del mutation are easily identified by a simple genetic test. ORKAMBI is a combination of lumacaftor, which is designed to increase the amount of mature protein at the cell surface by targeting the processing and trafficking defect of the F508del CFTR protein, and ivacaftor, which is designed to enhance the function of the CFTR protein once it reaches the cell surface. ORKAMBI is taken every 12 hours - once in the morning and once in the evening. INDICATION AND IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION FOR ORKAMBI™ (lumacaftor/ivacaftor) TABLETS ORKAMBI is a combination of lumacaftor and ivacaftor indicated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in patients age 12 years and older who are homozygous for the F508del mutation in the CFTR gene. The efficacy and safety of ORKAMBI have not been established in patients with CF other than those homozygous for the F508del mutation. Worsening of liver function, including hepatic encephalopathy, in patients with advanced liver disease has been reported in some patients with CF while receiving ORKAMBI. ORKAMBI should be used with caution in patients with advanced liver disease and only if the benefits are expected to outweigh the risks. If ORKAMBI is used in these patients, the patients should be closely monitored and the dose reduced. Serious adverse reactions related to elevated transaminases have been reported in patients with CF receiving ORKAMBI and, in some instances, associated with concomitant elevations in total serum bilirubin. It is recommended that ALT, AST, and bilirubin be assessed prior to initiating ORKAMBI, every 3 months during the first year of treatment, and annually thereafter. For patients with a history of ALT, AST, or bilirubin elevations, more frequent monitoring should be considered. Patients who develop increased ALT, AST, or bilirubin should be closely monitored until the abnormalities resolve. Dosing should be interrupted in patients with ALT or AST greater than 5x upper limit of normal (ULN) when not associated with elevated bilirubin. Dosing should also be interrupted in patients with ALT or AST elevations greater than 3x ULN when associated with bilirubin elevations greater than 2x ULN. Following resolution of transaminase elevations, consider the benefits and risks of resuming dosing. Respiratory events (e.g., chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and chest tightness) were observed more commonly in patients during initiation of ORKAMBI compared to those who received placebo. Clinical experience in patients with percent predicted FEV1 <40 is limited, and additional monitoring of these patients is recommended during initiation of therapy. Co-administration of ORKAMBI with sensitive CYP3A substrates or CYP3A substrates with a narrow therapeutic index is not recommended as ORKAMBI may reduce their effectiveness. ORKAMBI may substantially decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing their effectiveness and increasing the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions. Hormonal contraceptives, including oral, injectable, transdermal, and implantable, should not be relied upon as an effective method of contraception when co-administered with ORKAMBI. Co-administration with strong CYP3A inducers (e.g. rifampin, rifabutin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin and St. John’s wort) is not recommended as they may reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of ORKAMBI. ORKAMBI has the potential to affect other drugs. For additional information regarding drug interactions, see full Prescribing Information. Abnormalities of the eye lens (cataracts) have been reported in pediatric patients treated with ivacaftor, a component of ORKAMBI. Baseline and follow-up ophthalmological examinations are recommended in pediatric patients initiating treatment with ORKAMBI. Serious adverse reactions that occurred more frequently in patients treated with ORKAMBI included pneumonia, blood in sputum, cough, increased muscle enzyme levels, and liver enzyme elevations. The most common adverse reactions associated with ORKAMBI include shortness of breath, sore throat, nausea, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection, fatigue, chest tightness, increased blood creatinine phosphokinase, rash, flatulence, runny nose, and influenza. Please see full prescribing information for ORKAMBI available at .ORKAMBI.com. Global Regulatory Submissions for ORKAMBI Outside of the U.S., Vertex has submitted ORKAMBI for regulatory approval in the European Union, Australia and Canada. A decision by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is anticipated by the end of 2015. Reviews by Health Canada and Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) are also ongoing. Investor Conference Call Vertex will host an investor conference call and webcast on Thursday, July 2, at 2:15 p.m. ET. To listen to the live call on the telephone dial (866) 501-1537 (United States and Canada) or (720) 545-0001 (International). The conference ID number for the live call and replay is 76077705. In addition, the conference call will be webcast live, and a link to the webcast may be accessed through Vertex s website at .vrtx.com in the “Investors" section under the "Events & Presentations" page. The call will be available for replay via telephone and webcast. The replay phone number in the United States and Canada is (855) 859-2056. The international replay number is (404) 537-3406. The archived webcast will be available at .vrtx.com. About Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is a rare, life-threatening genetic disease affecting approximately 75,000 people in North America, Europe and Australia. CF is caused by a defective or missing CFTR protein resulting from mutations in the CFTR gene. Children must inherit two defective CFTR genes — one from each parent — to have CF. There are approximately 2,000 known mutations in the CFTR gene. Some of these mutations, which can be determined by a genetic test, lead to CF by creating defective or too few CFTR proteins at the cell surface. The defective or missing CFTR protein results in poor flow of salt and water into or out of the cell in a number of organs, including the lungs. This leads to the buildup of abnormally thick, sticky mucus that can cause chronic lung infections and progressive lung damage in many patients that eventually leads to death. The median predicted age of survival for a person with CF is 41 years, but the median age of death is 27 years. Collaborative History with Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics, Inc. (CFFT) Vertex initiated its CF research program in 1998 as part of a collaboration with CFFT, the nonprofit drug discovery and development affiliate of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Both of our approved CF medicines were discovered by Vertex as part of this collaboration. About Vertex Vertex is a global biotechnology company that aims to discover, develop and commercialize innovative medicines so people with serious diseases can lead better lives. In addition to our clinical development programs focused on cystic fibrosis, Vertex has more than a dozen ongoing research programs aimed at other serious and life-threatening diseases. Founded in 1989 in Cambridge, Mass., Vertex today has research and development sites and commercial offices in the United States, Europe, Canada and Australia. For five years in a row, Science magazine has named Vertex one of its Top Employers in the life sciences. For additional information and the latest updates from the company, please visit .vrtx.com. Special Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements, as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including the statements by Dr. Leiden in the third paragraph of this press release and statements regarding (i) the timing of the availability of ORKAMBI for shipment to specialty pharmacies in the United States; (ii) Vertex’s commitment to continuing its significant investment in research and development programs in cystic fibrosis; and (iii) the anticipated timing of the completion of regulatory reviews in international markets. While the company believes the forward-looking statements contained in this press release are accurate, there are a number of factors that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. Those risks and uncertainties include, among other things, risks related to commercializing ORKAMBI in the United States, obtaining approval and commercializing ORKAMBI in international markets, developing additional medicines to treat cystic fibrosis and the other risks listed under Risk Factors in Vertex s annual report and quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available through Vertex s website at .vrtx.com. Vertex disclaims any obligation to update the information contained in this press release as new information becomes available. (VRTX-GEN) © 2015 Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated I VRX-US-02-01002 I 07/2015

Major depression tied to smaller hippocampus

The largest international study to compare brain volumes of people with major depression to those of healthy people finds the former tend to have a significantly smaller hippocampus. The study found people with major depression had a smaller hippocampus - largely accounted for by the high percentage of participants with recurrent depression. Major depression is a serious mood disorder that affects around 1 in 6 people during their lifetime. When it occurs, persistent feelings of sadness, frustration, loss or anger disrupt everyday life and can endure for weeks, months or even years. The hippocampus - whose name comes from the Ancient Greek word for "seahorse" because of its shape - is an area of the brain that, among other things, is associated with forming new memories. Urispas (Flavoxate) with no Rx The ENIGMA study researchers, including a group from the Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI) at the University of Sidney in Australia, suggest their findings highlight a need to treat depression when it first occurs - especially in adolescents and young adults. For the global study - which brings together 15 data sets from Europe, the USA and Australia - the team analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of nearly 9,000 participants: 1,728 with major depression and 7,199 healthy individuals. They also had access to clinical records of the participants with depression. The researchers report their findings in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. Smaller hippocampus largely accounted for by recurrent depression The study has two main findings. Cleocin (Clindamycin) with no Rx The first - which confirms earlier clinical work at the BMRI - is that people with major depression have a smaller hippocampus. The second finding is that the first finding is largely accounted for by people with recurrent depression - they represented 65% of the major depression participants. Recurrent depression is a form of major depression where the depressive episodes come back regularly, interspersed with periods of no depression. Another interesting finding is that people whose major depression started before they reached the age of 21 also had a smaller hippocampus. Buy Green Coffee () with no prescription The researchers suggest this is consistent with the idea that many of these youngsters go on to have recurrent depression. However, participants who had not experienced more than one episode of major depression - 34% of those with major depression - did not have a smaller hippocampus than the healthy subjects. Jim Lagopoulos, an associate professor at BMRI, says these findings reveal new information about our brain structures and the mechanisms that might underlie depression. Carbatrol with no prescription He adds: "Despite intensive research aimed at identifying brain structures linked to depression in recent decades, our understanding of what causes depression is still rudimentary." He says one reason we know so little about this is the lack of studies with sufficiently large numbers of participants. Buy Herbal Extra Power () without prescription Another reason is the disease varies widely, as do the treatments, and there are also complex interactions between some of the clinical characteristics and brain structure. Support for neurotrophic hypothesis of depression Co-author Ian Hickie, professor and co-director of BMRI, says the clinical implications of the findings are that we probably need to treat first episodes of depression effectively, "particularly in teenagers and young adults, to prevent the brain changes that accompany recurrent depression." He says there is also a clear need for studies that can track changes in hippocampus size over time in people with depression. Buy Hairspray online Results from such studies would help to clarify the question of cause and effect, "whether hippocampal abnormalities result from prolonged duration of chronic stress, or represent a vulnerability factor for depression, or both." Prof. http://webmdmagazine.wordpress.com Lagopoulos also suggests the study lends support to the "neurotrophic hypothesis of depression," the idea that people with chronic depression have certain differences in brain biology - such as sustained higher levels of glucocorticoid - that shrink the brain. Meanwhile, Medical News Today recently learned about new research that suggests brain inflammation links chronic pain with depression. The study is the first to discover brain inflammation caused by chronic nerve pain can affect signaling in regions associated with mood and motivation. Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

Major depression tied to smaller hippocampus

The largest international study to compare brain volumes of people with major depression to those of healthy people finds the former tend to have a significantly smaller hippocampus. The study found people with major depression had a smaller hippocampus - largely accounted for by the high percentage of participants with recurrent depression. Major depression is a serious mood disorder that affects around 1 in 6 people during their lifetime. When it occurs, persistent feelings of sadness, frustration, loss or anger disrupt everyday life and can endure for weeks, months or even years. The hippocampus - whose name comes from the Ancient Greek word for "seahorse" because of its shape - is an area of the brain that, among other things, is associated with forming new memories. Urispas (Flavoxate) with no Rx The ENIGMA study researchers, including a group from the Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI) at the University of Sidney in Australia, suggest their findings highlight a need to treat depression when it first occurs - especially in adolescents and young adults. For the global study - which brings together 15 data sets from Europe, the USA and Australia - the team analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans of nearly 9,000 participants: 1,728 with major depression and 7,199 healthy individuals. They also had access to clinical records of the participants with depression. The researchers report their findings in the journal Molecular Psychiatry. Smaller hippocampus largely accounted for by recurrent depression The study has two main findings. Cleocin (Clindamycin) with no Rx The first - which confirms earlier clinical work at the BMRI - is that people with major depression have a smaller hippocampus. The second finding is that the first finding is largely accounted for by people with recurrent depression - they represented 65% of the major depression participants. Recurrent depression is a form of major depression where the depressive episodes come back regularly, interspersed with periods of no depression. Another interesting finding is that people whose major depression started before they reached the age of 21 also had a smaller hippocampus. Buy Green Coffee () with no prescription The researchers suggest this is consistent with the idea that many of these youngsters go on to have recurrent depression. However, participants who had not experienced more than one episode of major depression - 34% of those with major depression - did not have a smaller hippocampus than the healthy subjects. Jim Lagopoulos, an associate professor at BMRI, says these findings reveal new information about our brain structures and the mechanisms that might underlie depression. Carbatrol with no prescription He adds: "Despite intensive research aimed at identifying brain structures linked to depression in recent decades, our understanding of what causes depression is still rudimentary." He says one reason we know so little about this is the lack of studies with sufficiently large numbers of participants. Buy Herbal Extra Power () without prescription Another reason is the disease varies widely, as do the treatments, and there are also complex interactions between some of the clinical characteristics and brain structure. Support for neurotrophic hypothesis of depression Co-author Ian Hickie, professor and co-director of BMRI, says the clinical implications of the findings are that we probably need to treat first episodes of depression effectively, "particularly in teenagers and young adults, to prevent the brain changes that accompany recurrent depression." He says there is also a clear need for studies that can track changes in hippocampus size over time in people with depression. Buy Hairspray online Results from such studies would help to clarify the question of cause and effect, "whether hippocampal abnormalities result from prolonged duration of chronic stress, or represent a vulnerability factor for depression, or both." Prof. http://webmdmagazine.wordpress.com Lagopoulos also suggests the study lends support to the "neurotrophic hypothesis of depression," the idea that people with chronic depression have certain differences in brain biology - such as sustained higher levels of glucocorticoid - that shrink the brain. Meanwhile, Medical News Today recently learned about new research that suggests brain inflammation links chronic pain with depression. The study is the first to discover brain inflammation caused by chronic nerve pain can affect signaling in regions associated with mood and motivation. Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

'Over 184,000 global deaths each year' caused by sugary drinks

Sugary drink consumption in the US has increased significantly over the past 30 years, with around 50% of the population drinking the beverages daily. About Singulair (Montelukast) with free prescription Such drinks have been linked with greater risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Dilantin (Phenytoin) without Rx Now, a new study finds they may be responsible for more than 184,000 adult deaths worldwide each year. In 2010, sugary drink consumption was responsible for an estimated 184,450 deaths worldwide. The American Heart Association (AHA) recommend consuming no more than 450 calories from sugar-sweetened beverages each week - the equivalent to less than three 12 oz cans of cola. However, a 2011 study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that males consume an average of 178 calories from sugary drinks daily, while women consume around 103 calories from sugary drinks each day. For their study, lead author Prof. Soft Pack-20 () with no Rx Gitanjali Singh, research assistant professor at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy of Tufts University in Boston, MA, and colleagues set out to estimate the annual rates of global deaths and disabilities caused by sugary drink consumption. Their findings are published in Circulation - a journal of the AHA. The team analyzed 1980-2010 sugary drink consumption data from 62 surveys involving 611,971 people over 51 countries. About Cabergoline Specifically, they focused on how sugary drink consumption affects the number of deaths from diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In their study, sugary drinks were defined as sugar-sweetened sodas, sports/energy drinks, fruit drinks, sweetened ice teas and homemade sugary drinks. About Kamagra Pack-30 () without prescription They excluded 100% fruit juice. The researchers also gathered data on national availability of sugar among 187 countries during the 20-year period. Buy General Detox online Overall, the data allowed them to assess how consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages varies by age, gender and population and how this impacts death rates. Prof. http://webmdhelp.wordpress.com Singh and colleagues estimated that in 2010, sugary drink consumption was responsible for around 184,450 deaths worldwide, with 133,000 deaths from diabetes, 45,000 deaths from cardiovascular disease and 6,450 deaths from cancer. The team found younger adults were more likely to experience chronic disease as a result of sugary drink consumption than older adults, which Prof. Singh says is a concern. "The health impact of sugar-sweetened beverage intake on the young is important because younger adults form a large sector of the workforce in many countries," he explains, "so the economic impact of sugar-sweetened beverage-related deaths and disability in this age group can be significant." "It also raises concerns about the future," Prof. Singh continues. "If these young people continue to consume high levels as they age, the effects of high consumption will be compounded by the effects of aging, leading to even higher death and disability rates from heart disease and diabetes than we are seeing now." Reducing sugary drink consumption should be a global priority The researchers also found low- and middle-income countries had the highest estimated rates of sugary drink-related deaths, with around 76% occurring in these regions. Among the 20 most populated countries, Mexico had the highest rate of estimated sugary drink-related deaths, with 405 deaths per 1 million adults. The US had the second highest rate, at an estimated 125 deaths per 1 million adults. "Among the 20 countries with the highest estimated sugar-sweetened beverage-related deaths, at least eight were in Latin America and the Caribbean," notes Prof. Singh, "reflecting the high intakes in that region of the world." While there were wide variations identified in sugary drink-related deaths between different regions, the researchers note that most countries are affected. Senior author Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, also of the Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, says: "Many countries in the world have a significant number of deaths occurring from a single dietary factor, sugar-sweetened beverages. It should be a global priority to substantially reduce or eliminate sugar-sweetened beverages from the diet. There are no health benefits from sugar-sweetened beverages, and the potential impact of reducing consumption is saving tens of thousands of deaths each year." In January, Medical News Today reported on a study suggesting girls who frequently drink sugar-sweetened beverages are more likely to start menstruation earlier than girls who do not consume sugary drinks. Written by Honor Whiteman